Abstract: Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a combinatorial optimization problem, serving as basis for many real-world applications (e.g., transportation planning, circuit board design, and DNA ...

Abstract: Metaheuristic algorithms have demonstrated strong effectiveness in solving complex real-world optimization problems. This paper presents two discrete metaheuristic approaches for the ...

In modern logistics, combining traditional trucks with drones can significantly reduce delivery times. The truck acts as a moving launchpad, performing deliveries ...