The rapid clinical validation of mRNA technology during the COVID‑19 pandemic has powerfully accelerated its application in ...

Arlow, PhD, examine how enzymatic DNA synthesis and DNA construct design mitigate antibody expression challenges.

Rule-breaking discovery: Researchers found a pond protist that reassigns all three standard genetic stop codons to amino acids, overturning a long-held view of code universality. Why it matters: The ...

Not all parts of our genetic code are equal, even when they appear to say the same thing. Scientists have discovered that cells can detect less efficient genetic instructions and selectively silence ...

Human genes are written in long strings of three-letter units composed of four different nucleotides. These units—or codons—specify one of many amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Multiple ...

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a versatile and scalable platform for cancer immunotherapy; however, their clinical efficacy depends critically on precise vaccine design capable of eliciting ...

Scientists at UC Berkeley have discovered a microbe that bends one of biology’s most sacred rules. Instead of treating a specific three-letter DNA code as a clear “stop” signal, this methane-producing ...

Abstract: Co-optimizing mRNA sequences for both codon optimality and secondary structure is crucial for producing stable and efficacious mRNA therapeutics. Codon optimization, which adjusts nucleotide ...

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 amino acids. But certain groups of microbes have an expanded genetic code, in ...