Christina Majaski writes and edits finance, credit cards, and travel content. She has 14+ years of experience with print and digital publications. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and ...

Abstract: We extend backpropagation (BP) learning from ordinary unidirectional training to bidirectional training of deep multilayer neural networks. This gives a form of backward chaining or inverse ...

Abstract: We propose an optical-path backpropagation algorithm that enables monitoring the loss profile along fibres and the individual frequency-detuning of cascaded optical filters in multi-span ...

Andriy Blokhin has 5+ years of professional experience in public accounting, personal investing, and as a senior auditor with Ernst & Young. Erika Rasure is globally-recognized as a leading consumer ...