Medieval Ibiza was far from a quiet Mediterranean backwater. New DNA evidence shows that the island was part of a dynamic world linking Europe, North Africa and even the Sahel zone, south of Sahara.

A direct English translation of the Arabic word 'ilm علم is "knowledge", but the Arabic appellation is pregnant with meanings that transcend what knowledge implied for the likes of Plato, Pythagoras, ...

Additional plates or discs which Arab scientists invented. They were used as supplementary tools to be inserted into astronomical instruments like the astrolabe to supplement its functions. There is ...