During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...
Abstract: This article presents the design of the fractional order PID controller by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for controlling an arc welding machine supplied via a ...
Abstract: The paper proposes a new method of flight control design using a geometric approach. The flight control design has been done on the nonlinear manifold ...