ESP-01 is a tiny and useful piece of hardware. It has a 32-bit MCU, 2.4GHz 802.11 b/g/n WiFi, 1MB flash memory, and several other useful embedded features. Such ...

GOOSE Messaging (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events) is the most used aspect of 61850. Replace copper wires with digital one, turn that Lock Out Relay (LOR) into a latch bit in a relay and send ...

It is very easy to build an “SMS-controlled relay” with the help of a cheap GSM modem module and a small microcontroller board. Here, I’m using the SIM800L and Arduino Nano V3 to develop a nifty ...

This chapter covers representative general-purpose relays used in the control circuits of most industrial, commercial, and consumer products. Relay names and terminology are in accordance with ...

Modern relay technology has been around since the 1960s, and its main function is to provide automation with electrical isolation for many applications. All relays have two separate circuitries: input ...