Most of us have little trouble working out how many millilitres are in 2.4 litres of water (it’s 2,400). But the same can’t be said when we’re asked how many minutes are in 2.4 hours (it’s 144).

Dynamical systems and number theory have increasingly converged to address deep questions at the interface of temporal evolution and arithmetic structure. Dynamical systems offer a formal framework ...

In positional systems, as mentioned earlier, the number represented is multiplied by the base each time you move to the left of a position and is always divided by the base each time you move to the ...