Things often have unexpected consequences. Who would have thought that the English invention about 1750 of a process for rolling iron into sheets thin enough and large enough to produce stove pipe ...

Houses in America were originally heated by open fires in a fireplace. By the mid-1700s, cast-iron heating stoves were introduced. Many were "five plate" stoves made of five iron plates assembled as ...

Houses in America were originally heated by open fires in a fireplace. By the mid-1700s, cast-iron heating stoves were introduced. Many were “five plate” stoves made of five iron plates assembled as ...

IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more. German immigrants to the United ...