The Nazis denounced jazz music as "degenerate art," despite its widespread popularity in Germany. As the Nazis clamped down ...

One can only hope that freedom of speech may prevail, once and for all, and not only in Germany. We usually associate the Gestapo with mass actions, the roundup of Jews or gypsies or communists, but ...

On May 10, 1933, university students in 34 university towns across Germany burned over 25,000 books. The works of Jewish authors like Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud went up in flames alongside ...

In the final, tumultuous years of the Weimar Republic, a succession of arch-conservative chancellors ruled by emergency ...

This article is part of an invited series by independent historians, focused on biases and injustice that the Journal has historically helped to perpetuate. We hope it will enable us to learn from our ...

In the initial post-war judicial proceedings to establish what had happened under Nazism, and to punish the perpetrators of crimes, victims’ accounts were often discredited. Only in 1961, with the ...