As we work on overcoming what scares us, a new plasticity becomes available in our brain, and fear strikes out.

Over the course of their lives, animals form associations between sensory stimuli and predicted threats or rewards. These associations can, in turn, shape the behaviors of animals, prompting them to ...

The neuropeptide oxytocin is a special messenger substance that nerve cells use to communicate with each other. It is acting ...

A wave of recent neuroscience research has identified specific molecular and cellular mechanisms through which alcohol disrupts signaling between brain cells, offering a sharper picture of how ...

Periods of prolonged social isolation have long been associated with difficult emotions and, in some cases, with the ...

Historically, neuroscientists and evolutionary anthropologists assumed that modern humans' disproportionately large frontal lobes and the explosive growth of our prefrontal cortex millennia ago were ...

The cerebral cortex is your brain’s outermost layer. It has a wrinkled appearance due to the grooves and folds that increase its surface area. Here, we look at the anatomy of the cerebral cortex and ...