After a hundred years of trying to unravel the mysteries of the khipus, scientists are still scratching their heads on how to decipher the complex Incan code. It is unfortunate that the Incan Empire, ...

Single-celled bacteria communicate with each other using coded messages to coordinate attacks on their targets. Until now, the diversity of codes employed by these invading bacteria was thought to be ...

In the modern age of blue and green text bubbles, it’s easy to forget how much effort communication used to take. Scattered over the pre-smartphone decades, various communication methods would take ...