For decades, cancer immunotherapy has focused primarily on CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes as the main executors of tumor cell killing. However, growing clinical and single-cell sequencing evidence ...

Importantly, immune checkpoint blockade can partially reverse CD4+ T cell exhaustion, restore effector function, and enhance therapeutic outcomes, highlighting their pivotal role in determining ...

Researchers have identified a novel type of immune cell, called the stem-like CD4 T cell, that plays a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. The pre-clinical findings highlight the potential to ...

Fifteen years ago, doctors in Europe noticed a remarkable thing happening in people with chronic hepatitis B infections. When patients went off their medications, the virus started to come back—and ...

HIV-1 remodels the spatial organization of its co-receptor, CXCR4, on T cell membranes, showing that viral entry requires receptor clustering rather than simple receptor binding.

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified new properties of CD4-positive T cells in the human intestines and liver ...