Common gut bacteria use protein delivery systems to interact directly with human cells, reshaping how scientists view the microbiome.

Whether in the human body or on surfaces, bacteria protect themselves from outside attackers using biofilms. Physicist ...

Gram-positive bacteria show blue or purple after Gram-staining in a laboratory test. They have thick cell walls. Gram-negative bacteria show pink or red on staining and have thin walls. They release ...

Every day, chemical factories produce a wide range of products that will be extremely difficult to do without in a modern society; everything from medicines like insulin and antibiotics to fertilizers ...