Deep in the lungs, resident memory B cells stand guard against influenza reinfection—but whether they remain there may depend on how strongly they are signaled through their own receptors. New ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...

Why it matters: Understanding immune cell communication and memory can unlock better vaccines, new treatments, and strategies to control inflammation and disease. What’s new: Scientists have mapped ...

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine have identified a possible way to make longer-lasting vaccines for respiratory viruses like influenza and the coronavirus that ...

A shot of a shingles vaccine blocks reactivation, potentially preventing the virus from triggering brain inflammation that ...

Conjugate vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to protein carriers, enabling T cell-dependent immune responses that induce high-affinity antibodies and ...

However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...